《家居木工入门技能》封面

《家居木工入门技能》· HomeSkills: Carpentry — An Introduction to Sawing, Drilling, Shaping & Joining Wood · Cool Springs Press(编) · Cool Springs Press 2013

本书是 Cool Springs Press 推出的 HomeSkills 系列中的木工分册,面向完全没有受过训练的房主与新手 DIY 者,目标是让人掌握最基础的家用木工能力。全书开篇即点明立场:会一点木工是「想要勉强自给自足的人」的必备技能——小到组装板式置物架、挂画、把卡住的门刨松,大到搭鸟屋、狗屋、披屋直到自家房子的墙体与门窗,本质上都是同一套动作的延伸。

内容围绕「看工具—买工具—用工具—用材料」四条线组织:先逐一识别最常用的木工工具(撬棍、卷尺、手锯、锤子、夹具、凿、刨、曲线锯、圆锯、斜切锯、台锯、电钻、砂磨机、气动钉枪、射钉枪、镂铣机),说明选购要点与正确用法;再介绍木材、胶合板与板材、线脚、钉子、螺钉、胶粘剂等材料的规格与选择;最后是把工具与材料用起来的实战章节——隔墙、成品门门框、窗洞框架、门窗贴脸、踢脚线的施工步骤。

书中穿插大量名为「Skillbuilder」的小练习,专门解决「从没在车库里折腾过废木料和工具」这一代新手的经验缺失问题:用废料练手,先在小项目上把工具用熟,犯过错误才可能在大工程上做好。作者反复强调,工具宁缺勿滥、宁精勿杂,一百件十九块九毛九的工具套装不如几件真正趁手的好工具;二手工具、厂家翻新机、亲友淘汰的旧工具都是经济实惠的来源。

全书配有约 350 张彩照,把每个动作拆成编号步骤逐步演示,并附工具对比、木材分级表、钻头选用表、砂纸目数表、公制换算表和螺丝/木材规格对照表等常用参考图表。收尾的工坊章节讲收纳策略、孔板、锯木架和自建工作台,目的是让新手先有一个能干活的空间,再谈作品。

目录 · Contents


工具、材料与技能 · TOOLS, MATERIALS & SKILLS

  • p.4 · 引言 · Introduction
    说明基本木工技能的价值、本书的组织方式,以及 HomeSkills 系列面向新手自学者的定位。
    Why basic carpentry skills matter, how the book is organized, and how to use the Skillbuilder exercises.

  • p.7 · 撬拆工具 · Prying Tools
    撬棍、平撬棒、猫爪起钉器、拔钉器与破坏撬棒的用途区别,以及如何在拆线脚时不伤木料、保住旧料再用。
    Wrecking bars, flat pry bars, cat’s paws, and brad pullers—choosing the right bar and pulling nails without damaging trim.

  • p.10 · 卷尺 · Tape Measurers
    选购 25 英尺、3/4 英寸宽尺带的卷尺,看重挺立度(standout)、锁定机构与钩头游隙;「埋一英寸」量法与对角复测校方。
    Choosing a 25-ft. tape, standout and hook play, “burying an inch,” and checking square with diagonal measurements.

  • p.18 · 手锯 · Handsaws
    手锯的齿形与用途,横截与纵剖的握锯、起锯、走锯要领,以及用完后的放置与保养。
    Tooth patterns and the stroke technique for crosscutting and ripping by hand, plus care of the saw.

  • p.20 · 锤子 · Hammers
    羊角锤的种类与重量选择、握锤与落锤发力方式、起钉与冲钉的操作,以及如何避免锤柄断裂。
    Types and weights of claw hammers, proper grip and swing, pulling and setting nails.

  • p.24 · 夹具与台钳 · Clamps & Vises
    C 型夹、杆夹、管夹、木螺丝夹的适用场景,夹持时的受力分布与加垫板防止压痕。
    C-clamps, bar and pipe clamps, hand screws—matching the clamp to the job and avoiding crush marks.

  • p.26 · 凿与刨刃的磨刃 · Sharpening Chisels & Plane Blades
    磨石与砂轮机的选择、刃口角度与磨刃步骤,钝刃对工件与安全的双重危害。
    Stones and grinders, bevel angles, and the sharpening sequence that keeps an edge safe and accurate.

  • p.28 · 刨与成形木锉 · Planes & Surface Forming Rasps
    手刨的调校与用法,木锉与粗锉在曲面、修形和收边中的配合使用。
    Tuning and using hand planes, and how rasps shape and fair curved surfaces.

  • p.30 · 曲线锯 · Jigsaws
    曲线锯的刀片选择、直线与曲线切割、内孔开切与防崩茬要点。
    Blade selection, straight and curved cuts, plunge cutting, and avoiding tear-out with a jigsaw.

  • p.32 · 圆锯 · Circular Saws
    手持圆锯的锯片更换、切深设定、纵剖与横截、斜切与复合斜切,以及砌体切割与安全操作。
    Changing blades, setting depth, rip and crosscut technique, bevel and compound miter cuts, and safe handling.

  • p.38 · 直边导尺 · Straightedge Guides
    用长直边辅具配合圆锯切出笔直的长边,替代台锯处理大板。
    Using a straightedge jig to guide a circular saw for long, dead-straight edges on sheet goods.

  • p.39 · 电动斜切锯 · Power Miter Saws
    斜切锯的角度设定、切宽限制、线脚对切与复合斜切的测角方法。
    Setting angles, capacity limits, mitering casing, and laying out compound miter cuts.

  • p.47 · 台锯 · Table Saws
    台锯的靠山、斜切规、羽毛板与推把等安全辅具,纵剖、横截、开横纹槽与宽板开料的规程。
    Fences, miter gauges, featherboards and push sticks; ripping, crosscutting, cutting dadoes, and cutting wide boards.

  • p.53 · 电钻与钻头 · Drills & Bits
    有绳与无绳电钻、麻花钻头、扁钻、福斯特纳钻头、孔锯的选用,拧螺丝时的离合器与扭力设定。
    Corded and cordless drills, twist, spade, Forstner and hole-saw bits, and clutch settings for driving screws.

  • p.56 · 砂磨机 · Sanders
    偏心砂磨机、带砂机、盘砂机与手工打磨的分工,砂纸目数递进顺序与过磨、磨圆的危害。
    Random-orbit, belt and disc sanders versus sanding by hand; grit sequences and the risks of over-sanding.

  • p.60 · 气动钉枪 · Pneumatic Nailers
    气动钉枪与空压机的配置、钉长与角度、压力调节,以及在装饰线脚与护墙板上的效率优势。
    Compressor and nailer setup, fastener lengths and angles, pressure adjustment, and where air nailers pay off.

  • p.64 · 火药驱动射钉工具 · Powder-Actuated Tools
    射钉器的弹药等级、适用基材与严格的安全规程,用于把木料直接固定到混凝土或钢构件。
    Powder loads, base-material limits, and the strict safety rules for fastening directly into concrete or steel.

  • p.66 · 镂铣机(修边机) · Routers
    铣刀种类与转速、靠模与导套的使用、开槽、倒圆与仿形收边的常用做法。
    Bit types and speeds, guides and templates, and routing grooves, roundovers, and edge profiles.


基础木工 · BASIC CARPENTRY

  • p.70 · 木材(锯材) · Lumber
    硬木与软木、实木与人造板的区别,标称尺寸与实际尺寸、分级标记的含义与选购要点。
    Hardwood versus softwood, nominal versus actual sizes, grading stamps, and how to pick straight stock.

  • p.74 · 胶合板与人造板材 · Plywood & Sheet Goods
    胶合板、刨花板、中密度纤维板与定向刨花板的等级、厚度与用途,切割与搬运的方法。
    Plywood, particleboard, MDF and OSB—grades, thicknesses, uses, and how to cut and handle sheets.

  • p.76 · 装饰线脚 · Trim Moldings
    常见线脚断面(踢脚、顶角线、贴脸、压条)的识别、拼接与安装位置。
    Recognizing common molding profiles—base, crown, casing, and stop—and how each is fitted.

  • p.78 · 钉子 · Nails
    普通钉、饰面钉、螺纹钉、环形钉的区别,钉长选择与用量估算。
    Common, finish, screw-shank and ring-shank nails; choosing length and estimating quantity.

  • p.80 · 螺钉与其他五金 · Screws & Other Hardware
    木螺丝、干壁钉、方头与星形槽、膨胀螺栓与砌体锚栓的选用与预钻孔规则。
    Wood screws, drywall screws, drive types, and masonry anchors, with pilot-hole and clearance-hole rules.

  • p.82 · 胶与胶粘剂 · Glues & Adhesives
    白胶、聚氨酯胶、瞬干胶、接触胶与热熔胶的开放时间、强度与适用场景。
    PVA, polyurethane, CA, contact cement and hot glue—open time, strength, and where each belongs.


房屋构造解剖 · ANATOMY OF A HOUSE

  • p.90 · 隔墙 · Partition Walls
    平台式框架与轻型钢框架的构造,地梁板、顶梁板、立柱间距、门窗过梁与承重墙的辨别。
    Platform and light-gauge steel framing: sole and top plates, stud spacing, headers, and identifying load-bearing walls.

  • p.94 · 成品门门框 · Door Frames for Prehung Doors
    预留门洞尺寸、框料组装、找垂直与找方、垫片调整与固定。
    Sizing the rough opening, assembling the frame, plumbing and squaring, shimming and fastening.

  • p.96 · 窗洞框架 · Framing a Window
    窗洞开孔、窗台与过梁构造、框料拼接与窗口防水的基本做法。
    Cutting in the opening, sills and headers, assembling the frame, and basic flashing of a window rough opening.

  • p.100 · 门窗贴脸 · Door & Window Casings
    对接式与斜接式贴脸的选择、量取长度、切角拼接与钉装顺序。
    Butted versus mitered casings: measuring, cutting, fitting corners, and nailing sequence.

  • p.106 · 踢脚线 · Base Molding
    踢脚板与踢脚鞋的叠层安装、内角与外角的处理、与地板收口的方式。
    Installing baseboard with base shoe, handling inside and outside corners, and closing against the floor.


工坊 · WORKSHOP

  • p.110 · 收纳策略 · Storage Strategies
    木料与工具的分区收纳思路,立式存料架、废料分类与防潮防变形要点。
    Zoning lumber and tools, vertical lumber racks, scrap sorting, and keeping stock dry and flat.

  • p.114 · 孔板 · Pegboard
    孔板的尺寸、固定方式与挂钩配置,按工位就近布置常用工具。
    Pegboard sizes and mounting, hook layouts, and arranging tools by station.

  • p.118 · 锯木架 · Sawhorses
    自制锯木架的下料清单与组装步骤,以及用锯木架充当临时工作台的技巧。
    Cut list and assembly for shop sawhorses, and how to use them as a temporary work surface.

  • p.120 · 工作台 · Workbench
    带台钳的简易工作台制作全过程:端架组装、横撑、双层台面与五金固定。
    Building a simple workbench with a vise: end assemblies, braces, two-layer top, and hardware.


参考资料 · REFERENCES

  • p.124 · 常用参考图表 · Reference Charts
    公英制换算、温度换算、钻头与沉头对照、螺钉预钻孔径、木料标称尺寸对照、砂纸目数分级。
    Metric/imperial and temperature conversions, drill-bit and counterbore guides, screw pilot-hole charts, lumber dimension tables, and abrasive grits.

  • p.126 · 索引 · Index
    按主题与工具名称编排的全书索引。
    Subject and tool index to the whole book.

声明:如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系我们进行处理。