《木工技艺》封面

《木工技艺》· Working With Wood · Gilbert R. Hutchings / G. Eugene Martin / J. Mario Coleman · McKnight Publishing Company 1982

本书是麦奈特出版公司(McKnight Publishing Company,伊利诺伊州 Bloomington)1982 年出版的第一版木工教材,作者三人分别是西密歇根大学工业技术与教育方向教授 Gilbert R. Hutchings、西南德州州立大学工业美术系教授兼系主任 G. Eugene Martin,以及西德州州立大学工业教育与技术方向副教授 J. Mario Coleman。美国国会图书馆编目卡号 81-82309,书号 SBN 87345-084-1,美国本土胶印。

按前言自述,本书为初学者而写,刻意采用”动手式”(hands-on)写法,全书直接以”你”称呼学习者,让读者一上手就进入制作。教材的组织逻辑是:先让学生尽快开始做一件作品,再逐步补足背后的知识与技能——第一编介绍木工本身,随即进入项目设计、计划、选材、划线放样与安全;第二编讲手工工具;第三编讲接合、胶粘与紧固;第四编为涂装准备;第五编为涂装工艺;第六编为电动工具;第七编为木工专题;第八编为树木与制材、木材树种等木材科学知识;第九编给出四十余个由浅入深的制作项目,最后附术语表与索引。

全书的章节编号连续贯通至第 52 章,配合九编结构,便于教师按学期编排进度,也便于自学者按顺序推进。工具章节不只讲用法,还讲清设备原理、安全规程与常见故障;木材科学章节从树木构造讲起,衔接到制材、干燥与树种识别;制作项目则从飞镖盘、纸巾盒一路做到齐彭代尔式长凳与乐谱架,每一件都给出图纸与工序。

作为上世纪八十年代美国中学与大学工业美术课程的通行教科书,它的写法带有鲜明的课堂教材特征:条目清楚、步骤可检、术语统一。今天读来,其中的手工工具与接合章节仍是理解传统木作基本功的可靠入门,电动工具与涂装章节则保存了那一代工坊设备的完整教学范式。

目录 · Contents


第一编 · 工作计划 · SECTION I · PLANNING YOUR WORK

  • p.2 · 认识木工 · Working with Wood
    木工的意义、工坊与材料的基本概念,以及学习这门技艺的方法与本书的用法。
    What woodworking is, how a shop and its materials are organized, and how to use this book.

  • p.7 · 项目设计 · Project Design
    从需求出发确定尺寸与形式,把想法落成可施工的设计。
    Turning a need into dimensions and form, and developing a design you can actually build.

  • p.12 · 图纸的组成 · Parts of a Plan
    正视图、俯视图、侧视图与剖视图的读法,以及尺寸标注的规则。
    Reading front, top, side, and section views, and understanding dimensioning.

  • p.20 · 选材 · Material Selection
    按用途挑选树种、等级与规格,兼顾强度、外观与成本。
    Choosing species, grade, and size for the job, balancing strength, looks, and cost.

  • p.31 · 测量 · Measuring
    英制与公制尺的使用、读尺方法与测量误差的控制。
    Using rule and tape, reading graduations, and controlling measuring error.

  • p.35 · 木料划线放样 · Stock Layout
    在木料上排布零件、避让缺陷与留出加工余量的方法。
    Laying out parts on the board, working around defects, and allowing for machining.

  • p.45 · 安全 · Safety
    工坊安全通则、个人防护、刀具与机器的安全操作习惯。
    General shop safety, personal protection, and safe habits around edge tools and machines.


第二编 · 手工工具木作 · SECTION II · HAND TOOL WOODWORKING

  • p.52 · 锯切 · Sawing
    手锯的种类、齿距与拨料,起锯、沿线锯切与常见跑锯的纠正。
    Handsaw types, tooth pitch and set, starting a cut, sawing to a line, and correcting wander.

  • p.64 · 刨削与刮削 · Planing and Scraping
    各类手工刨的构造与调校,刨削手法以及刮刀的使用与磨刃。
    Plane construction and setup, planing technique, and using and sharpening scrapers.

  • p.79 · 成型与雕刻 · Shaping and Carving
    用辐刨、木锉、砂纸与雕刀做曲面与装饰造型的方法。
    Spokeshaves, rasps, abrasives, and carving tools for curves and decoration.

  • p.91 · 钻孔与打眼 · Drilling and Boring
    手摇钻、钻头与木工钻的类型,钻孔定位与垂直度的控制。
    Braces, bits, and augers, plus locating holes and keeping them perpendicular.


第三编 · 连接木料 · SECTION III · JOINING STOCK

  • p.101 · 木材接合 · Wood Joints
    常见接合方式的分类与受力特点,按用途选择合适接合。
    How joints are classified, how they carry load, and how to choose one for the job.

  • p.109 · 手工加工接合 · Cutting Wood Joints by Hand
    手工锯凿加工榫卯、半搭接与燕尾榫的分步做法。
    Step-by-step hand cutting of mortise-and-tenon, lap, and dovetail joints.

  • p.124 · 胶粘剂 · Adhesives
    木工胶的种类、适用场合与上胶要点。
    Glue types, where each belongs, and how to apply them.

  • p.129 · 夹持方法 · Clamping Techniques
    各类夹具的用法、夹紧顺序与压力分布。
    Using clamps of all kinds, with attention to order and even pressure.

  • p.138 · 金属紧固件 · Metal Fasteners
    钉子、螺丝与专用紧固件的选用、引导孔与安装方法。
    Nails, screws, and specialty fasteners: selection, pilot holes, and installation.


第四编 · 涂装前的准备 · SECTION IV · PREPARING TO FINISH

  • p.148 · 砂磨材料 · Coated Abrasives
    砂纸与砂布的磨料、粒度标号与选用原则。
    Abrasive grits, backings, and how to pick the right paper.

  • p.153 · 手工砂磨 · Hand Sanding
    逐级换砂号的顺序、顺纹砂磨与防止圆边的操作。
    Working through the grits, sanding with the grain, and avoiding round-overs.

  • p.159 · 去除木材缺陷 · Removing Defects from Wood
    处理节疤、凹坑、开裂与污渍的方法,以及填补与修色的基本手段。
    Dealing with knots, dents, cracks, and stains, and the basics of filling and touch-up.


第五编 · 木材涂装 · SECTION V · WOOD FINISHING

  • p.164 · 涂装概论 · Introduction to Finishing
    涂装的目的、涂饰分类与选择依据。
    Why wood is finished, how finishes are classified, and how to choose.

  • p.170 · 涂装设备 · Finishing Equipment
    刷子、喷枪、擦拭材料与工作环境的配置。
    Brushes, spray equipment, wiping materials, and setting up the finishing area.

  • p.179 · 着色剂与漂白剂 · Stains and Bleaches
    着色剂类型、上色手法与用漂白剂调整木材底色的做法。
    Stain types, application methods, and bleaching to change wood color.

  • p.184 · 膏状填孔剂 · Paste Wood Filler
    粗孔木材的填孔工艺、调色与施工顺序。
    Filling open-pored woods, tinting the filler, and where it fits in the schedule.

  • p.187 · 油与蜡涂饰 · Oil and Wax Finishes
    渗透油的施涂与再涂,以及打蜡的手法和维护。
    Applying and re-coating penetrating oil, and how to wax and maintain it.

  • p.190 · 虫胶 · Shellac
    虫胶的调配、刷涂/擦拭方法与优缺点。
    Mixing, brushing, and padding shellac, with its strengths and weaknesses.

  • p.193 · 清漆 · Varnish
    清漆的类型、涂刷道数与层间处理。
    Varnish types, number of coats, and handling between coats.

  • p.196 · 硝基漆 · Lacquer
    硝基漆的喷涂施工、干燥特性与修补办法。
    Spraying lacquer, how it dries, and how to repair it.

  • p.199 · 油漆 · Paint
    油漆的底漆/面漆体系与在木制品上的施工要点。
    Primer and topcoat systems for paint, and how to apply them on wood.

  • p.202 · 特殊涂装效果 · Special Finishing Effects
    仿古、做旧、刷纹与着色叠层等特殊效果的实现方法。
    Antiquing, distressing, glazing, and other special finishing effects.

  • p.207 · 研磨与抛光 · Rubbing and Polishing
    涂膜研磨、抛光的材料与手法,做出不同光泽等级。
    Materials and technique for rubbing and polishing a film to the desired sheen.


第六编 · 电动工具 · SECTION VI · POWER TOOLS

  • p.211 · 电动工具安全 · Power Tool Safety
    电动工具的用电安全、防护装置与操作通则。
    Electrical safety, guards, and general rules for working with power tools.

  • p.214 · 台钻与手电钻 · Drill Press and Portable Electric Drill
    台钻的转速、工作台与夹具使用,以及手电钻的操作与配件。
    Speed, table, and workholding on the drill press, plus using a portable drill and its accessories.

  • p.223 · 曲线锯与马刀锯 · Jigsaw and Saber Saw
    两种锯的锯条选择、曲线切割与内轮廓下锯方法。
    Blade selection, cutting curves, and starting interior cuts with both saws.

  • p.229 · 带锯 · Band Saw
    带锯的调校、锯条张力与导块,切曲线与二次纵剖操作。
    Tuning the bandsaw, blade tension and guides, and cutting curves and resawing.

  • p.235 · 台锯 · Table Saw
    台锯的调校、纵剖与横截、附件与安全操作。
    Tuning the tablesaw, ripping and crosscutting, accessories, and safe operation.

  • p.245 · 摇臂锯 · Radial Arm Saw
    摇臂锯的调整与横截、开槽作业及安全注意。
    Setting up and using a radial arm saw for crosscutting and dadoing.

  • p.250 · 手持圆锯与电动斜切锯 · Portable Circular Saw and Motorized Miter Box
    手持圆锯的切割技巧与电动斜切锯的角度设定。
    Cutting technique with a circular saw and setting angles on a motorized miter box.

  • p.254 · 平刨与电刨 · Jointer and Power Plane
    平刨的刨基准面与基准边操作、刀轴调整,以及电刨的用法。
    Facing and edge jointing, cutterhead adjustment, and using a power plane.

  • p.259 · 压刨 · Surfacer
    压刨的定厚加工、进料方向与啃头(snipe)的防范。
    Thickness planing, feed direction, and avoiding snipe.

  • p.262 · 旋转式平压刨 · Rotary Jointer Surfacer
    兼具平刨与压刨功能的旋转式机型的操作与调整。
    Operating and adjusting a machine that both joints and thicknesses.

  • p.265 · 车床 · Lathe
    木工车床的装夹、车刀与主要车削操作。
    Mounting work, turning tools, and the main lathe operations.

  • p.278 · 修边机(镂铣机) · Router
    修边机的刀具、靠模与常见沟槽、边型加工。
    Router bits, guides and jigs, and cutting grooves and edge profiles.

  • p.283 · 木工铣床(成型机) · Shaper
    成型机的刀具安装、进料方向与安全防护。
    Setting cutters, feeding safely, and guarding a shaper.

  • p.288 · 砂磨机械 · Sanding Machines
    带砂机、盘砂机与轴砂机的用途与操作要点。
    Belt, disc, and spindle sanders—what each is for and how to use it.


第七编 · 木工专题选讲 · SECTION VII · SELECTED WOODWORKING TOPICS

  • p.295 · 柜类家具制作 · Cabinetmaking
    柜体结构、门与抽屉,以及现场安装的基本做法。
    Case construction, doors and drawers, and the basics of installation.

  • p.308 · 木皮与塑料贴面板 · Veneers and Plastic Laminates
    木皮与高压装饰层积板(塑料贴面)的粘贴工艺与工具。
    Applying wood veneer and plastic laminate, with the tools involved.

  • p.314 · 软包 · Upholstering
    座面与靠背的填充、弹簧与包布的基本工艺。
    Padding, springs, and covering for seats and backs.

  • p.324 · 建筑木作 · Carpentry
    框架、墙地顶面与门窗等建筑木作的基本作业。
    Framing, floors, walls, ceilings, and trim in building work.

  • p.332 · 职业发展 · Careers
    木工相关职业方向、所需训练与就业准备。
    Woodworking career paths, the training they require, and how to prepare.


第八编 · 木材科学 · SECTION VIII · WOOD TECHNOLOGY

  • p.346 · 树木的构造 · The Parts of a Tree
    树干、树皮、形成层与年轮的构造,及其与木材性质的关系。
    Trunk, bark, cambium, and growth rings, and how they shape wood properties.

  • p.352 · 林业与制材 · Forestry and Lumber
    森林经营、伐木与制材分级流程,以及木材的干燥与市场形态。
    Forest management, logging, sawmilling and grading, drying, and how lumber reaches the market.

  • p.359 · 木材树种 · Wood Species
    常见商用树种的识别特征、加工性与典型用途。
    Identifying features, workability, and typical uses of commercial species.


第九编 · 制作项目 · SECTION IX · PROJECTS

  • p.376 · 飞镖盘 · Dart Board
    带背板与挡圈的飞镖盘制作,含圆盘划线分格。
    A dart board with backboard and surround, including laying out the segments.

  • p.377 · 纸巾盒 · Tissue Box Holder
    抽口式纸巾盒的板件连接与开孔做法。
    A box with a dispensing slot, and the joinery that holds it together.

  • p.378 · 手持镜 · Hand Mirror
    手镜的镜框成型、玻璃槽口与手柄制作。
    Shaping the frame, rabbeting for the glass, and forming the handle.

  • p.379 · 转角搁架 · Corner Shelf
    利用墙角空间的三角分层搁架制作。
    A triangular tiered shelf that uses the corner of a room.

  • p.380 · 派盘柜 · Pie Tin Cabinet
    用于立放展示派盘(圆盘)的立式浅柜做法。
    A shallow upright cabinet for standing pie tins on display.

  • p.382 · 壁挂柜 · Hanging Cupboard
    带门扇的壁挂柜结构、背板与挂装方式。
    A wall-hung cupboard with a door, back panel, and hanging method.

  • p.384 · 西洋双陆棋盘 · Backgammon Board
    双陆棋盘的面板分格、铰接与棋子收纳。
    Point layout, hinging, and storage for a folding backgammon board.

  • p.386 · 台式足球 · Table Soccer
    台式足球玩具的场地、球员杆与操作机构制作。
    Building the field, player rods, and control mechanism for table soccer.

  • p.388 · 鲸鱼形衣帽架 · Whale Coat Rack
    鲸鱼轮廓放样与挂钩安装做法。
    Laying out the whale silhouette and mounting the hooks.

  • p.389 · 带镜壁灯架 · Mirror Wall Sconce
    结合镜子与灯位的墙面装饰件制作。
    A wall piece that combines a mirror and a light fixture.

  • p.390 · 边几 · End Table
    基础边几的腿架结构与台面固定。
    Leg-and-rail construction and attaching the top on an end table.

  • p.392 · 独腿圆桌 · Pedestal Table
    独柱式圆桌的柱脚、三叉底座与台面装配。
    Column, tripod base, and top assembly for a pedestal table.

  • p.393 · 鲸鱼形小桌 · Whale Table
    鲸鱼造型小桌的曲线放样与拼接做法。
    Laying out and assembling the curved whale-shaped table.

  • p.394 · 杂志架 · Magazine Rack
    斜背式杂志架的板件斜接与分格。
    Slanted sides and dividers for a magazine rack.

  • p.395 · 姓名笔筒 · Name Pencil Holder
    用线锯切出姓名字形的笔筒制作。
    Cutting a name in profile on the scroll saw and building it into a pencil holder.

  • p.396 · 木柴架 · Log Holder
    承重木柴架的结构与制作要点。
    Structure and build notes for a load-bearing log holder.

  • p.398 · 独腿蕨类花架 · Pedestal Fern Stand
    细高独腿花架的稳定性与底座配重处理。
    Keeping a tall, slender plant stand stable, and weighting the base.

  • p.399 · 棒球陈列架 · Baseball Holder
    收藏球展示架的搁板与防滚挡边做法。
    Shelves and retaining edges for displaying baseballs.

  • p.400 · 杯具搁架 · Mug or Glass Shelf
    带挂杯钩或分格的杯具壁架制作。
    A wall shelf with hooks or dividers for mugs and glasses.

  • p.401 · 砧板 · Cutting Boards
    拼板砧板的选材、拼缝与边型处理。
    Stock choice, glue joints, and edge treatment for laminated cutting boards.

  • p.402 · 杯垫套装 · Coaster Set
    配收纳架的杯垫批量制作与表面处理。
    Batch-making coasters with a holder, and how to finish them.

  • p.404 · 针线/工具箱 · Sewing/Tool Box
    带提手与内部分格的便携箱盒制作。
    A carry box with handle and divided interior.

  • p.404 · 果盘 · Fruit Tray
    带边框的托盘制作与边框接合方式。
    Tray construction with a rim, and the joinery for the frame.

  • p.405 · 带夹板笔筒 · Clipboard Pencil Holder
    结合夹板的笔筒设计,兼顾书写与收纳。
    A pencil holder that doubles as a clipboard.

  • p.405 · 转盘 · Lazy Susan
    转盘底座、轴承安装与台面分格做法。
    Turntable base, bearing installation, and dividing the top.

  • p.406 · 长凳式储物箱 · Bench Chest
    可坐可储的长凳箱结构、箱盖与箱体接合。
    Seat, lid, and case joinery for a storage bench.

  • p.407 · 直升机模型 · Helicopter
    木质直升机模型的零件成型与组装。
    Shaping and assembling the wooden model helicopter.

  • p.408 · 衣帽架 · Coat Rack
    立式衣帽架的底座稳定与挂钩布置。
    Base stability and hook layout for a floor coat rack.

  • p.409 · 厨房锅具挂架 · Kitchen Pot and Pan Rack
    承重挂架的连接方式与吊挂孔位布置。
    Joinery for a load-bearing rack and placing the hanging holes.

  • p.410 · 乌龟凳 · Turtle Stool
    乌龟造型小凳的曲线放样与腿部结构。
    Laying out the turtle shape and building the leg structure.

  • p.411 · 刀架 · Knife Block
    斜插式刀架的插刀槽加工与角度设计。
    Cutting the angled slots in a knife block.

  • p.412 · 立式书靠 · Book Stand
    可调角度书靠的斜撑与止挡做法。
    Adjustable prop and stop for a book stand.

  • p.413 · 井字棋 · Tic Tac Toe
    木质井字棋的棋盘分格与棋子制作。
    The grid and playing pieces for a wooden tic tac toe set.

  • p.414 · 壁镜 · Wall Mirror
    壁镜框条的斜接、玻璃槽口与挂装件。
    Mitered frame, glass rabbet, and hanging hardware for a wall mirror.

  • p.415 · 厨房用具盒 · Kitchen Utensil Box
    敞口厨房用具盒的分格与提手处理。
    Open utensil box with dividers and a handle.

  • p.415 · 塑料贴面砧板 · Plastic Laminate Cutting Board
    用塑料贴面(层积板)做砧板的裁切与包边。
    Cutting and edging a cutting board in plastic laminate.

  • p.416 · 八轨磁带收纳架 · Eight-Track Tape Holder
    分格式磁带收纳架的制作与尺寸设定。
    Sizing and building a divided rack for eight-track tapes.

  • p.418 · 绘图板 · Drawing Board
    带平行尺的绘图板台面制作与平整度控制。
    Building a drawing board with a straightedge, and keeping it flat.

  • p.420 · 乐谱架 · Music Stand
    可调倾角乐谱架的斜面板与支撑结构。
    Slanted panel and support structure for an adjustable music stand.

  • p.422 · 齐彭代尔式长凳 · Chippendale Bench
    齐彭代尔风格长凳的座框、弯腿与靠背造型。
    Seat frame, curved legs, and back for a Chippendale-style bench.

  • p.424 · 唱片架 · Record Rack
    唱片立放收纳架的分格尺寸与结构。
    Bay sizing and structure for storing records upright.

  • p.425 · 脚凳 · Footstool
    脚凳的座面软包与腿部接合做法。
    Upholstered top and leg joinery for a footstool.


附录 · 术语表与索引 · APPENDIX · GLOSSARY AND INDEX

  • p.426 · 术语表 · Glossary
    全书木工术语的定义汇总,便于随时查阅。
    Definitions of the woodworking terms used throughout the book.

  • p.431 · 索引 · Index
    按主题与关键词编排的检索入口,覆盖全书章节与项目。
    A subject index covering every chapter and project in the book.

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