《家庭木工基础手册》· Basic Home Woodworking Manual · The Reader’s Digest Association Limited 2006

《Basic Home Woodworking Manual》是英国读者文摘（Reader’s Digest）出版的 DIY 木作指导书，副题即”家庭木作事务的专家级指导”（Expert guidance on woodworking tasks in the home）。全书内容整合自《Reader’s Digest DIY Manual》与《1,001 DIY Hints and Tips》两册，2006 年由 The Reader’s Digest Association Limited 推出第一版，图片版权归读者文摘协会所有。

全书分”工具与技法”与”木工项目”两大板块。前半从木工工具箱、工具维护讲起，依次介绍木材的选购、量测与画线、锯切与钻孔、手工成型与修边机操作，再逐一讲清钉接、螺丝固定、各种接合的做法，最后覆盖打磨、木料填补、油漆、清漆以及蜡与油饰等表面处理工序。

后半转入家庭木作实务：从墙体紧固件与搁架选型、固定搁板与壁龛搁板的安装，讲到平板家具的自装与改造、电脑桌的制作；再延伸至墙面木线条与护墙板、地板（含拼花地板与强化地板）的修复与铺设，以及楼梯、门窗的修补；末章专讲家具修复，涵盖瑕疵处理、修补、脱漆与重新饰面。

全书以分步照片与示意图为主，做法紧贴家庭实际需求，文字简明，适合初学者按图操作，也便于在家居维修中随时查阅。

目录 · Contents

工具与技法 · TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

• p.8 · 木工工具箱 · The Woodworking Tool Kit
  开列家庭木作所需的整套工具，除卷尺、直尺、角尺、组合角尺、滑动斜尺等量具外，还包括锯、刨、凿、钻等基本木工工具，并说明圆锯、曲线锯、冲击钻等电动工具与小型工具的区别。
  EN · A complete list of tools for home woodworking: measuring and marking tools, hand saws and planes, chisels and braces, plus power tools such as jigsaws, circular saws and drills.

• p.15 · 工具维护 · Tool Maintenance
  说明锯、刨等工具的日常保养：保持刀刃锋利、擦净防锈、木制工具防潮，并给出锯条与刨铁的研磨与修整方法，以延长工具寿命并保证加工质量。
  EN · Routine care for saws and planes: keeping edges sharp, cleaning and rust prevention, and grinding or setting saw teeth so the tools last.

• p.17 · 选购木材 · Choosing and Buying Wood
  介绍木材的种类与规格、实木与人造板（胶合板、刨花板、纤维板等）的特性差异，以及挑选、贮存与搬运时应注意的含水率、变形与瑕疵问题。
  EN · Selecting and buying timber: species and sizes, the difference between solid wood and manufactured boards, and what to check for moisture, warping and defects.

• p.20 · 木材的量测与画线 · Measuring and Marking Wood
  讲解公制与英制两种刻度的换算与使用，木工铅笔、画线笔的削法，角尺与组合角尺的画线方法，以及墨斗弹线和样板复制尺寸的做法。
  EN · Measuring and marking: metric and imperial scales, sharpening carpenter’s pencils, using try squares and combination squares, snapping chalk lines and transferring sizes with templates.

• p.22 · 锯切木材与板材 · Cutting Wood and Boards
  按顺纹与横纹分别说明纵解与横截的锯切要领，介绍裁板锯、背锯、燕尾锯、夹背锯、拉花锯的选用，以及线锯、曲线锯与带锯在曲线下料中的用法。
  EN · Ripping and crosscutting: choosing between panel saws, backsaws, dovetail saws, tenon saws and coping saws, and cutting curves with a fretsaw, jigsaw or bandsaw.

• p.29 · 木材钻孔 · Drilling Wood
  讲清手摇钻与电钻、各类钻头（麻花钻头、扁钻、开孔器、福斯特纳钻头）的用途，木料钻孔时防裂、定位与深限的做法，以及螺钉底孔与预埋件的处理。
  EN · Drilling wood: braces, hand drills and power drills; twist, spade, hole saw and Forstner bits; avoiding splits, marking centres and setting depth for pilot holes and dowel joints.

• p.32 · 手工成型 · Shaping Wood by Hand
  介绍用粗平刨、光刨、槽刨、裁口刨等各类刨子修直、修方与开槽，以及用凿、圆凿、木锉、刮刀和弓形夹具修整曲面与倒角的技法。
  EN · Shaping by hand: jack and smoothing planes for flattening, plough and rebate planes for grooves, plus chisels, gouges, rasps, files and scrapers for curves and chamfers.

• p.35 · 使用修边机 · Using a Router
  讲清修边机配各类铣刀开槽、裁口、倒棱与仿形的操作要领，靠山与直线导板的使用，以及电木铣的安全握持与进给方式。
  EN · Using a router to cut grooves, rebates, chamfers and profiles; working with fences and straightedges, and safe handling and feed rates.

• p.37 · 钉接 · Nailing
  区分圆钉、水泥钉、无头钉等钉型，说明锤击与冲头的用法、板端预钻防裂、钉距与钉入深度，以及如何起钉而不损伤木面。
  EN · Nailing: round, masonry and lost-head nails; hammering and punch work, pre-drilling near ends, spacing and depth, and drawing nails without marking the wood.

• p.39 · 螺丝固定 · Fixing with Screws
  说明木螺丝的规格与选用、底孔与沉孔的做法，螺丝起子的正确握持，以及自攻螺丝、膨胀螺栓与各类预埋紧固件在木作与墙体连接中的应用。
  EN · Screws and screwdrivers: sizes and types of wood screws, pilot and counterbore holes, plus self-tapping screws, plugs and wall fixings for joining wood to masonry.

• p.42 · 制作接合 · Making Joints
  系统介绍木作常用接合方式，从简单的对接、搭接与半搭接，到各类榫卯、槽榫与燕尾榫，以及胶合、塞缝与螺栓加固等辅助做法。
  EN · Woodworking joints: butt, lap and halving joints, mortise-and-tenon, housed and dovetail joints, with gluing, dowelling and bolting as reinforcement.

• p.48 · 木材打磨 · Smoothing Wood
  讲清砂纸粒度与选用、手工与机械打磨的顺序，磨圆棱角与顺纹打磨的要点，以及打磨后除尘与检查平整的方法。
  EN · Sanding and smoothing: abrasive grits and their uses, hand and machine sanding sequences, easing edges and working with the grain, then dust removal and checking.

• p.50 · 使用木材填补料 · Using Wood Filler
  说明木料填补料的种类与适用场合、填补钉眼与缝隙的刮填与压实做法，以及干燥后打磨、着色与上漆的表面衔接。
  EN · Wood fillers: types and suitable uses, filling nail holes and cracks, then sanding, staining and finishing to blend the repair with the surrounding surface.

• p.51 · 木作油漆 · Painting Woodwork
  介绍油漆前的表面处理与底漆、各类内墙与外用漆的选用，刷涂与辊涂的技法、薄涂多遍与干燥时间，以及门窗与线条的拆装涂刷顺序。
  EN · Painting woodwork: preparation and primers, choosing interior and exterior paints, brushing and rolling in thin coats, and the order of work on doors, frames and mouldings.

• p.53 · 木作清漆 · Varnishing Woodwork
  讲清清漆的种类与光泽、刷涂与喷涂的做法、层间打磨与防尘要求，以及户外木作清漆的维护与重涂。
  EN · Varnishing: types and sheens, brushing and spraying, intercoat sanding and dust control, plus maintaining and re-coating exterior varnish.

• p.54 · 蜡与油饰 · Using Waxes and Oil Finishes
  介绍蜡、硬蜡油与渗透型木油对木面的保护效果，擦涂、抛光的做法与用量控制，以及日常保养与局部修补。
  EN · Waxes and oil finishes: protective qualities, application by rubbing and polishing, controlling the amount used, and routine care and local repairs.

搁架与柜子 · SHELVING AND CUPBOARDS

• p.58 · 墙体紧固件选择 · Choosing Wall Fixings
  按墙体类型（砖墙、混凝土墙、石膏板墙）与承重需要，讲解膨胀螺栓、塑料胀塞、自攻锚栓与中空墙专用锚栓的选用与安装。
  EN · Choosing wall fixings for brick, concrete and plasterboard, matching the anchor to the load: expansion bolts, plastic plugs, self-drilling anchors and cavity fixings.

• p.60 · 搁架选型 · Choosing Shelving
  说明搁板的材料与厚度选择、跨度与承重的关系，搁架托、吊挂与嵌入式做法的比较，以及如何按房间用途确定搁架形式。
  EN · Choosing shelving: board materials and thickness, span against load, and comparing brackets, hanging and built-in arrangements for each room’s use.

• p.62 · 用板条与封边加固搁板 · Strengthening Shelves with Battens and Lipping
  讲清在搁板背面加钉板条、正面加封边条以抑制翘曲与下垂的做法，以及加固条的位置、长度与固定方式。
  EN · Adding battens to the back and lipping to the front edge to stop shelves sagging and cupping, with positions, lengths and fixings.

• p.63 · 确定水平 · Finding Your Levels
  讲解水平尺与铅垂线的使用，长距离用软管水平仪或激光水平仪取线，以及在墙面上标记与复核安装基准的方法。
  EN · Using spirit levels and plumb lines, taking levels over long distances with a water level or laser level, and checking reference marks on the wall.

• p.64 · 安装固定搁板 · Putting Up a Fixed Shelf
  分步说明固定搁板的安装：定位与画线、钻孔与装入锚栓、安装托架并调平、放板与端部固定。
  EN · Step-by-step fixed shelf installation: marking out, drilling and inserting anchors, fitting and levelling brackets, then seating and securing the shelf.

• p.65 · 壁龛搁板 · Shelves in Alcoves
  针对壁龛、凹位与楼梯下方等不规则空间，说明侧向支撑、内嵌式托架与整板搁架的做法。
  EN · Shelves in alcoves and awkward recesses: side supports, recessed brackets and full-depth boards fitted to uneven walls.

• p.67 · 嵌入式柜 · Built-in Cupboards
  讲解自制嵌入式柜的箱体制作、与墙地三面的固定、门框与踢脚板的收口，以及柜内分隔与背板的做法。
  EN · Building fitted cupboards: making the carcass, fixing to walls and floor, trimming the frame and skirting, and fitting dividers and a back panel.

平板家具 · FLAT-PACK FURNITURE

• p.70 · 平板家具的自装紧固件 · Self-Assembly Fixings for Flat-Pack Furniture
  介绍板式家具常用的偏心连接件、锁扣、木销、拉扣与角铁的识别与用法，以及拆装时的顺序与工具。
  EN · Identifying and using cam locks, knock-down fittings, dowels, blocking pieces and angle brackets in flat-pack furniture, and the tools for assembly.

• p.71 · 组装平板家具 · Assembling Flat-Pack Furniture
  说明按说明书核对板材与五金、预装连接件、逐面组装并校正直角，以及锁紧与调平的整体流程。
  EN · Checking panels and hardware against the parts list, pre-fitting connectors, assembling side by side, checking for square, then tightening and levelling.

• p.74 · 改造平板家具单元 · Customising Flat-Pack Units
  讲解对成品板式柜的改造：加装搁板与抽屉、改门为开放格、更换拉手与踢脚，以及重新裁板与封边。
  EN · Customising flat-pack units: adding shelves and drawers, converting doors to open bays, changing handles and plinths, and cutting and edging new panels.

• p.75 · 组装平板搁架 · Assembling Flat-Pack Shelves
  说明板式搁架的孔位体系、侧板与层板的插装顺序，以及防倾固定件必须上墙的要求。
  EN · Flat-pack shelving: the hole system, the order for inserting sides and shelves, and the requirement to fix units to the wall with anti-tip fittings.

• p.76 · 制作电脑桌 · Building a Computer Desk
  给出自制电脑桌的尺寸与结构：主机位散热与走线、键盘托板、显示器架高度，以及抽屉与理线槽的做法。
  EN · Building a computer desk: dimensions, ventilation and cable routes for the tower, keyboard tray and monitor height, plus drawers and cable management.

墙面 · WALLS

• p.78 · 木装饰线条 · Wood Mouldings
  介绍各类木质装饰型材（挂镜线、顶角线、踢脚板、半圆线等）的断面与用途，以及裁切、拼接与固定的做法。
  EN · Timber mouldings: profiles and uses of picture rails, cornices, skirting and half-round mouldings, plus cutting, joining and fixing them.

• p.79 · 安装挂镜线与腰线 · Fitting Picture Rails and Dados
  说明挂镜线与护墙腰线的高度设定、墙面定位画线、裁切斜接角与用胀塞或暗钉固定的做法。
  EN · Setting heights, marking the wall, mitring corners and fixing picture rails and dados with plugs or secret nails.

• p.81 · 拆除与更换踢脚板 · Removing and Replacing Skirting Boards
  讲解撬取旧踢脚而不损伤墙面的方法，新踢脚板的选材、斜接角处理，以及与地板缝隙的收口。
  EN · Removing old skirting without damaging the wall, choosing new boards, mitring external and internal corners, and closing the gap to the floor.

• p.84 · 墙面企口板包覆的准备 · Preparing to Clad a Wall with Tongue-and-Groove Panelling
  说明木龙骨或板条的排布与找平、防潮处理与通风间隙，以及企口板的排版与含水率适应。
  EN · Preparing batten framing and packing, damp-proofing and ventilation gaps, and laying out tongue-and-groove boards to acclimatise.

• p.86 · 企口板墙面铺装 · Lining a Wall with Tongue-and-Groove Panelling
  分步讲清企口板由墙角起始的逐块钉装、裁切与阴阳角收口，以及顶部与门窗洞口的处理。
  EN · Fixing tongue-and-groove boards from the corner, trimming internal and external angles, and finishing at ceiling level and around door and window openings.

地面 · FLOORS

• p.88 · 处理松动与作响的板条 · Curing Loose and Squeaking Boards
  说明地板作响的原因与检修：找出松动处、暗钉或斜钉加固、加设垫片与龙骨加固的做法。
  EN · Diagnosing and curing squeaks: finding loose boards, secret or angled nailing, packing and stiffening the joists.

• p.89 · 木地板修复 · Restoring a Wood Floor
  讲解旧木地板的局部换板、填缝与打磨翻新，以及打磨机的走向与边角手工处理。
  EN · Local board replacement, filling gaps and sanding an old wood floor back to sound, including machine passes and hand-sanding at edges.

• p.90 · 拼花木地板修复 · Restoring a Woodblock Floor
  说明小块拼花地板的松动与缺失处理、换块匹配、重新胶粘与打磨上漆的做法。
  EN · Re-laying and replacing individual wood blocks, matching patterns, re-gluing, then sanding and finishing the floor.

• p.90 · 木地板打磨与上漆 · Sanding and Varnishing a Wood Floor
  给出地板打磨的砂纸序列与打磨机使用，除尘后底漆与面漆的涂刷遍数与干燥要求。
  EN · The sanding sequence for floors, dust removal, then coats of sealer and varnish with drying times between.

• p.92 · 铺设拼花地板 · Laying a Wood Mosaic Floor
  说明拼花地板（小条或几何拼花）的排版与对花、胶粘或钉装、裁切与压平的做法。
  EN · Setting out mosaic panels, gluing or nailing the strips, cutting and weighting the floor while the adhesive cures.

• p.94 · 铺设强化地板 · Laying a Laminate Floor
  讲清强化地板的悬浮铺设法：基层清理与防潮垫铺设、锁扣搭接与伸缩缝预留、门槛与管道处裁切。
  EN · Floating a laminate floor: preparing the base and underlay, clicking boards together, leaving expansion gaps and cutting at thresholds and pipes.

楼梯 · STAIRS

• p.97 · 消除楼梯响声 · Fixing Creaking Stairs
  说明踏板与踢板松动发声的检修：暗钉加固、加胶、在踏板下加垫块或斜撑，以及踏板上表面修复。
  EN · Curing squeaks: secret nailing and gluing loose treads and risers, adding blocks or glue blocks underneath, and repairing the tread surface.

• p.98 · 更换损坏的栏杆小柱 · Repairing Broken Balusters
  讲解栏杆小柱（spindle）的拆取与仿制、榫头修配与装回，以及扶手固定处的同步修补。
  EN · Removing and copying a broken baluster, cutting and fitting the new tenon, and repairing the handrail fixing at the same time.

门窗 · DOORS AND WINDOWS

• p.99 · 安装或更换门套线 · Putting Up or Replacing Architraves
  说明门套线与窗套线的斜接角做法、定位固定、与门框和墙面的缝隙填补及修补上漆。
  EN · Mitring and fixing architraves around doors and windows, filling gaps to frame and wall, then touching up the finish.

• p.100 · 排除门的故障 · Curing Faults in Doors
  讲清门扇下垂、卡阻、翘曲与关不严的检修：合页调整、刨削修整、加装角钢与门吸。
  EN · Curing dropping, binding, warped and ill-fitting doors: adjusting hinges, planing, fitting corner brackets and door stops.

• p.103 · 安装前后门 · How to Hang a Front or Back Door
  分步说明门框的固定与找直、门扇试装与铰链开孔、锁具与把手安装，以及密封条的装设。
  EN · Hanging an external door: fixing and plumbing the frame, offering up the leaf, cutting hinges, fitting the lock and handle, and adding draught seals.

• p.105 · 安装信箱与门环 · Fitting a Letterplate and Knocker
  说明信箱口与门环的开孔位置、钻透与修边、内外两侧固定与防雨做法。
  EN · Marking, drilling and finishing openings for a letterplate and door knocker, with fixings on both faces and weatherproofing.

• p.106 · 更换吊窗绳 · Replacing Broken Sash Cords
  讲解上下提拉窗的吊锤与绳索更换：取下窗扇、穿绳与配重、滑轮检修与重新装窗。
  EN · Renewing sash cords and weights on sliding sash windows: removing the sash, re-cording, checking pulleys and rehanging.

• p.109 · 更换边挺与隔条 · Renewing Parting Beads and Staff Beads
  说明窗框内边挺与隔条的拆取与重制，保证提拉窗扇滑动顺畅与玻璃压条的密封。
  EN · Removing and remaking parting and staff beads so sashes slide freely and glazing bars remain sealed.

家具修复 · FURNITURE RESTORATION

• p.112 · 瑕疵处理 · Blemishes
  讲清家具表面常见瑕疵（水痕、烫痕、压痕、划痕与虫眼）的识别与处理：湿热还原、局部着色与补蜡。
  EN · Identifying and treating white and heat marks, dents, scratches and worm holes by steaming, local colouring and waxing.

• p.114 · 修补 · Repairs
  说明家具结构修补：松动接合的重新胶合、榫头加固、缺失部件的配补与贴皮修补。
  EN · Structural repairs: re-gluing loose joints, reinforcing tenons, making good missing parts and patching veneer.

• p.118 · 脱漆 · Stripping
  介绍化学脱漆剂与热风枪、刮刀配合的脱漆做法，以及脱漆后清洗、中和与木面修补。
  EN · Stripping with chemical strippers or a hot-air gun and scrapers, then washing, neutralising and repairing the bare wood.

• p.120 · 饰面 · Finishes
  讲清家具重新饰面的工序：填补打磨、着色、底漆与面漆或打蜡，以及旧家具保持原貌与重新涂饰的取舍。
  EN · Refinishing: filling and sanding, staining, undercoating and topcoating or waxing, and deciding when to keep the original patina.