《木工基础工艺》封面

《木工基础工艺》· Basic Woodworking Processes · Herman Hjorth 原著 · Ewell W. Fowler 修订 · The Bruce Publishing Company 1961

《木工基础工艺》是 Herman Hjorth(1883–1951)的著作,由东伊利诺伊大学工业艺术教育教授 Ewell W. Fowler 修订,The Bruce Publishing Company(密尔沃基)1961 年出版(LCCN 60-15479)。

本书按”词典”而非”教材”定位:初版写给学生,修订版面向各年龄段、各类型学校的初、中级木工学生,也可作家庭工坊与童子军徽章者的参考。

全书按工序而非章节组织,127 个编号操作单元依次覆盖下料划线、锯削、刨削、刨光、凿削、钻孔、槽榫、搭接与半搭接、圆棒榫、斜接、榫卯、胶合、金属紧固、木材涂饰与磨刀,每项操作独立成条,便于随查随用。

末尾附 4 张工单——笔记板、书立、书挡与角架,说明如何照图施工,使读者把各项工序串成完整工件。

目录 · Contents


前言 · PRELIMINARIES

  • p.v · 致学生 · Introduction to Students
    向学生说明本书按工序组织、可作常备参考的用法。
    EN · Tells students how to use a book organized by processes as a standing reference.

  • p.vii · 致教师 · Introduction and Suggestions to Teachers
    向教师说明本书的定位并给出课堂使用建议。
    EN · Explains the book’s aims and offers suggestions for classroom use.

  • p.ix · 项目选择建议 · Suggestions for Selecting Projects
    就如何选择合适的制作项目给出建议。
    EN · Offers advice on choosing suitable projects.


第1部 · 划线操作 · 1 — LAYING-OUT OPERATIONS

  • p.3 · 划线操作(操作 1–14) · 1 — Laying-out Operations
    操作 1–14 涵盖开料单、板英尺计算、直尺量测、划线定方、划线规/榫眼规/铅笔划线、圆弧与椭圆、无半径圆弧、几何图形、模板、框架角尺出角与重复件划线。
    EN · Operations 1–14 cover making out bills of material, board-foot computation, measuring with a rule, squaring up with lines, marking with gauge, mortise gauge, and pencil, arcs and ellipses, arcs without a radius, geometric figures, templates, laying out angles with a framing square, and laying out duplicate parts.

第2部 · 锯削操作 · 2 — SAWING OPERATIONS

  • p.21 · 锯削操作(操作 16–23) · 2 — Sawing Operations
    操作 16–23 涵盖锯马横截、台钳横截、锯马顺纹、台钳顺纹、背锯配锯钩、背锯配台钳、线锯与钥孔锯。
    EN · Operations 16–23 cover crosscutting on a saw horse and in a vise, ripping on a saw horse and in a vise, backsaw work with a bench hook and in a vise, coping saw, and keyhole saw.

第3部 · 刨削操作 · 3 — PLANING OPERATIONS

  • p.31 · 刨削操作(操作 24–33) · 3 — Planing Operations
    操作 24–33 涵盖块刨调整、刨平面(翘曲板与”风扭”板)、刨边、拼胶刨两边、刨斜角倒角、刨端面,以及圆刨圆边、刮刨、以刨刮削与手刮。
    EN · Operations 24–33 cover adjusting the block plane, planing surfaces (warped and twisted boards), planing edges, jointing two edges for gluing, chamfers and bevels, end planing, and the use of the compass plane, spokeshave, and scrapers.

第4部 · 刨光作业 · 4 — PLANING JOBS

  • p.49 · 刨光作业(操作 35–38) · 4 — Planing Jobs
    操作 35–38 涵盖窄板归方、宽板归方、桌椅柜腿归方与桌柜腿锥削。
    EN · Operations 35–38 cover squaring narrow boards, wide boards, and legs for chairs, tables, and cabinets, and tapering table and cabinet legs.

第5部 · 凿削操作 · 5 — CHISELING OPERATIONS

  • p.57 · 凿削操作(操作 40–43) · 5 — Chiseling Operations
    操作 40–43 涵盖顺纹凿削(削)、横纹凿削、立式凿削与圆凿裁切。
    EN · Operations 40–43 cover paring with the grain, chiseling across the grain, vertical chiseling, and cutting with a gouge.

第6部 · 钻孔操作 · 6 — BORING OPERATIONS

  • p.67 · 钻孔操作(操作 45–55) · 6 — Boring Operations
    操作 45–55 涵盖 1/4 英寸以上的孔、麻花钻头、福斯特纳钻头、扩张钻头、定深孔、1/4 英寸以下的孔、方柄钻头、圆柄钻头、自动钻、锥钻与螺钉沉孔。
    EN · Operations 45–55 cover holes of 1/4 inch and larger, auger bits, Forstner bits, expansion bits, depth-gauge holes, holes under 1/4 inch, square- and round-shank bits, automatic drills, the bradawl, and countersinking for screws.

第7部 · 槽榫 · 7 — GROOVED JOINTS

  • p.79 · 槽榫(操作 57–65) · 7 — Grooved Joints
    操作 57–65 涵盖顺纹裁口、横纹裁口、横纹槽、暗槽/止口槽、开槽、groove-and-rabbet 槽裁口、dado-and-rabbet 槽裁口,以及一只简易抽屉。
    EN · Operations 57–65 cover rebates plowed with and across the grain, dadoes, stopped grooves, cutting grooves, groove-and-rabbet and dado-and-rabbet joints, and a simple drawer.

第8部 · 搭接与半搭接 · 8 — LAP OR HALVING JOINTS

  • p.91 · 搭接与半搭接(操作 66–70) · 8 — Lap or Halving Joints
    操作 66–70 涵盖端搭接、端搭接配裁口、中搭接、燕尾搭接与交叉搭接。
    EN · Operations 66–70 cover end laps, an end lap with a rabbet, middle laps, dovetail laps, and cross laps.

第9部 · 圆棒榫 · 9 — DOWEL JOINTS

  • p.101 · 圆棒榫(操作 72–76) · 9 — Dowel Joints
    操作 72–76 涵盖边对边圆棒榫、端对边圆棒榫、draw-bolt 拉螺栓接合、圆棒对位器的使用,以及用模板与锥定位。
    EN · Operations 72–76 cover edge-to-edge and end-to-edge dowel joints, the draw-bolt joint, using dowel centers, and locating holes with a template and awl.

第10部 · 斜接 · 10 — MITER JOINTS

  • p.110 · 斜接(操作 77–80) · 10 — Miter Joints
    操作 77–80 涵盖裁斜接、钉固斜接、圆棒斜接与滑键斜接。
    EN · Operations 77–80 cover cutting a miter, nailing a miter, doweling a miter, and the slip-feather miter.

第11部 · 榫卯 · 11 — MORTISE-AND-TENON JOINTS

  • p.119 · 榫卯(操作 82–87) · 11 — Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
    操作 82–87 涵盖暗榫卯、带台榫卯、贯通榫卯、滑接、键固榫卯与镶板结构。
    EN · Operations 82–87 cover blind, shouldered, and through mortise-and-tenon joints, slip joints, keyed mortises, and panel construction.

第12部 · 胶合操作 · 12 — GLUING OPERATIONS

  • p.134 · 胶合操作(操作 89–93) · 12 — Gluing Operations
    操作 89–93 涵盖胶及其调制、胶合总则、多板边对边胶合、搁板结构与方/矩形结构。
    EN · Operations 89–93 cover glue and its preparation, general gluing rules, edge-gluing several boards, shelf construction, and square or rectangular assemblies.

第13部 · 金属紧固 · 13 — METAL FASTENINGS

  • p.145 · 金属紧固(操作 95–105) · 13 — Metal Fastenings
    操作 95–105 涵盖钉、木螺钉、螺栓、铰链、锁、碰珠与门栓、拉手与旋钮及桌面紧固。
    EN · Operations 95–105 cover nails, wood screws, bolts, hinges, locks, catches and bolts, pulls and knobs, and fastening table tops.

第14部 · 木材涂饰操作 · 14 — WOOD-FINISHING OPERATIONS

  • p.171 · 木材涂饰操作(操作 107–117) · 14 — Wood-Finishing Operations
    操作 107–117 涵盖打磨、涂前检查、上色、粗孔材与细孔材填孔、蜡饰、虫胶、硝基漆、清漆、涂漆与刷具保养。
    EN · Operations 107–117 cover sanding, inspection before finishing, staining, filling open- and close-grained woods, wax, shellac, lacquer, varnish, painting, and care of brushes.

第15部 · 磨刀操作 · 15 — SHARPENING OPERATIONS

  • p.190 · 磨刀操作(操作 119–127) · 15 — Sharpening Operations
    操作 119–127 涵盖磨锯、磨刨刃与凿、磨圆凿、磨刨光刮刀、磨手刮、磨钻头与清锉。
    EN · Operations 119–127 cover sharpening saws, plane irons and chisels, gouges, the cabinet scraper, the hand scraper, bits, and cleaning files.

第16部 · 工单大纲 · 16 — JOB-SHEET OUTLINES

  • p.207 · 工单大纲 · 16 — Job-Sheet Outlines
    以笔记板、书立、书挡与角架 4 张工单,说明如何照图施工。
    EN · Uses job sheets for a clip board, bookrack, bookstand, and corner shelf to show how to carry out work from drawings.
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