
《实用木工指南》· Practical Guide to Woodworking · Alan and Gill Bridgewater · Apple Press 2003
本书是英国 Apple Press(Quarto Publishing 旗下)出版的木工疑难解答手册,由 Alan 与 Gill Bridgewater 夫妇合著。全书不按”从零开始”的教程顺序组织,而是把木工在实际操作中最常遇到的麻烦按主题编成问题集:锯割得七歪八扭、燕尾榫太松、圆棒榫孔钻深了、上胶后框架走形、台刨刨出波纹、清漆干后发花、修边机突然不转——翻目录就能定位到对应的解法。
编排方式是”一问多解”:每个问题先讲清成因,再给出若干编号解法(solution),每一步都配照片或线图演示,并给出尺寸、刀具与辅具。前言里说明,这些难题取自杂志读者与网络木工最常提出的疑问,解法来自作者多年工坊经验,目的是让人在工坊里遇到状况时手边就有一本可查的书。
全书按操作流程排布:先讲工坊组织与木料选购、计划放样,再讲锯切、刨削、凿削等基本加工,然后是接合、砂磨刮削、胶粘夹具与整体结构,最后是涂装以及手工工具和电动工具的保养维修。尺寸一律用公制并附英制换算,术语表与索引在卷末。
目录 · Contents
基础与准备 · Getting Started
- p.8 · 引言 · Introduction
说明本书”按问题找解法”的编排方式与分步图解的读法。
EN · How the problem-and-solution format works and how to read the step-by-step sequences. - p.10 · 工坊 · Workshop
工具上架存放、电动工具与手工工具搁架、钻头块的收纳,以及按人体工学布置工坊、改善作业条件与个人安全、规范标注。
EN · Storing tools on pegboards and shelves, plus ergonomic layout, comfortable working conditions, personal safety and labelling. - p.14 · 木料 · Timber
买料渠道、逛木料场、材积计算与议价;含水率与平整度检测;带缺陷的便宜木料(贴条污渍、死节、边料)如何取用,以及薄料加厚的层压做法。
EN · Sourcing and costing timber, checking moisture and flatness, using problem wood, and laminating thin stock. - p.18 · 计划 · Planning
看懂结构、精确放样、识读符号、安排下料顺序、列清工具与材料清单,以及先做试装再正式组装。
EN · Understanding construction, accurate laying out, symbols, cutting order, tool and materials lists, and trial assembly.
放样与粗加工 · Layout and Rough Shaping
- p.22 · 设计、放样与装配 · Design, Layout and Fitting
不靠计算的故事杆(样棒)放样、材积与公制英制换算,以及用画线轮与型板让柜体贴合不平墙面和踢脚线的做法。
EN · Story-stick layout, lumber-volume conversions, and using a scribing wheel and profile gauge to fit casework to uneven walls. - p.30 · 锯切 · Sawing
榫头画线与胶垫修配、榫眼规与榫肩线的正确标法;拉花锯切同规格件、窄角度与较厚木料的锯切;带锯锯条选择、砂磨锯轮、换条、锯夹与台面调校、二次纵剖、曲线锯切与台面倾斜。
EN · Marking and shimming tenons and shoulders; cutting duplicates, tight angles and thick stock on a scroll saw; band-saw blade choice, wheels, tension, guides, resawing and tilting. - p.36 · 刨削 · Planing
压刨刨出波纹的排查与修整(木料、含水率、刀刃、台面与整体调校);手刨刨端面崩茬的修复与预防(垫块、块刨调整、切斜角、刮净、斜角刨);半搭接过深的补救;台面凹坑的蒸汽回胀与填补。
EN · Diagnosing rough planer output, preventing and repairing end-grain splitting, rescuing an over-deep half-lap, and repairing dents by steaming and filling. - p.46 · 凿削 · Chisels
榫眼内折断榫头的修配(短榫、改螺栓加木销连接),以及凿的构造、常见类型与正确握持用法。
EN · Fitting stub tenons and converting to bolt-and-toggle fittings, plus chisel anatomy, common types and correct use.
接合与装配 · Joints and Assembly
- p.60 · 接合 · Joints
过松燕尾榫的补救与贯通、滑动、暗燕尾榫的做法;圆棒榫的正确设计、加强与重新设计;圆棒榫孔深度的控制(台钻深度止挡、胶带标记、挡块与深度夹具)。
EN · Rescuing loose dovetails and cutting through, sliding and blind mitre dovetails; dowel design, reinforcement, and accurate control of hole depth. - p.70 · 砂磨与刮削 · Sanding and Scraping
异形型面砂磨的背衬块、台钻小鼓砂机与盘式摆动夹具等自制砂磨辅具;平接缝外观的改善(开盖槽、嵌线槽、燕尾槽)。
EN · Shop-made backing block, drill-press drum sander and disc pivot jig for edge profiles; cover-up grooves and decorative inlays for butt seams. - p.74 · 胶粘与夹具 · Glues and Clamps
上胶后床架走形的拆解重装与方整校正(钻出销钉、蒸汽软化、反向夹紧);门贴脸角接随湿度开合的处理;柜盖下翻铰链的加强与带阻尼的锁止限位;不用车床用拉刀与辐刨做锥形纺锤件;夹具不够时的替代加压法与壁挂折叠桌、马凳桌、折叠门桌。
EN · Re-gluing out-of-square frames, stabilising mitred architraves, strengthening hinge-down lids, spokeshave-drawn spindles, improvised clamping and fold-up tables. - p.84 · 结构 · Construction
曲面与弯件的成型(接合与刻削、层压、蒸汽弯曲、曲线锯切);台锯斜切与台面倾斜;民间艺术柜的做旧打蜡、点彩、点画与牛眼大理石纹处理。
EN · Shaping curves by jointing and carving, laminating, steambending and sawing; table-saw mitring and tilting; distressing, dabbing, stippling and marbling finishes.
涂装与工具维护 · Finishing and Tool Care
- p.94 · 木器涂装 · Wood Finishing
硝基漆涂坏后的填孔与超细抛光、喷涂环境与除尘、除颗粒与工件夹持;清漆未干平的剥除与油饰、钢丝刷、上蜡等替代做法;水性染料误混溶剂而干成脏色的漂白、加色罩面与重做。
EN · Rescuing failed lacquer (grain filling, super-fine finishing, spray environment, denibbing); stripping and alternatives for rough varnish; correcting a bad water-based dye mix. - p.104 · 手工工具保养 · Handtool Care
凿刃崩口重磨、按导架荡刃、金刚石磨石与圆凿研磨;油石的清洗整平与传统阶梯式托盘;老手锯的清洗与锉齿;台锯锯片与靠山方度校准、锯缝盖板碎屑清理;平刨拆解、刃铁与压铁整平、刨底整平、蛙形件清理与刨刃研磨。
EN · Regrinding and honing chisels and gouges, cleaning and lapping oilstones, sharpening old handsaws, and tuning table saws and hand planes. - p.112 · 电动工具 · Power Tools
修边机故障自修(日常清洁、换电刷、夹头检查、振动、压簧故障、无动力);自制辅具十件:台钻夹具与角度夹具、修边机台面、主轴成型夹具、修边机燕尾榫夹具、钻孔夹具、台锯推板、羽毛板、带锯二次纵剖导指夹具、仿形车削指挡。
EN · Router troubleshooting (cleaning, brushes, collets, vibration, plunge mechanism, no power) and ten shop-made jigs including push plane, featherboard and resawing guide.
附录 · Reference
- p.126 · 术语表、索引与致谢 · Glossary, Index and Credits
全书木工与工具术语的定义、按主题编排的索引,以及图片来源与制作致谢。
EN · Definitions of woodworking terms, a subject index, and picture and production credits.
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