《人人都能上的工坊实作课》· Shop Class for Everyone: Practical Life Skills in 83 Projects · Sharon Bowers & David Bowers · Workman Publishing 2021

本书的出发点是一个现实：技术越进步，人们越相信「交给设备就好」。美国中小学陆续取消了工坊课和汽车维修课，结果是一整代人从未学过刷墙、做家具、通下水道或换轮胎。作者在前言里写道，2020 年的变故让很多人意识到屏幕解决不了生活里的实际问题——真正让人扛住意外的，是那些自己能动手的基本技能。而且自给自足比大多数人想象的容易，也比想象中更令人满足：自己动手的活只有一个标准，就是「我修好了吗？」修好了，就完成了；这种成就感是刷一天的手机或表格给不了的。

因此本书把「工坊课」重新装订成一本可以随时翻查的手册，按五大门类编排，共 83 个编号项目：家居维修（31 项）、木工与金工（16 项）、水暖（11 项）、电工（5 项）、机械与车辆（20 项）。每一项都是一个独立单元，从工具清单开始，到分步操作、收尾检查结束，读者可以只挑眼下要用的那一项看，不必从头读到尾。

全书贯穿着一条「先立工具箱」的思路。家居维修部分开篇就是一份家庭工具箱清单——管子钳、羊角锤、撬棒、尖嘴钳、卷尺、验电笔、无绳电钻、十字与平口螺丝刀、凿、锯、水平尺、探钉器、美工刀、木工角尺、打钉枪、电工胶带、强力胶带、砂纸、钉子、螺钉、螺栓、胶水、剥线钳，以及滑口钳；作者算过一笔账：现在花 200 美元买的工具，往后能省下好几倍的请人上门费。木工部分同样从「怎么量硬木板材、怎么打磨木头」这类最基本的手感讲起，才进入鸟屋、狗屋、相框、棋盘、储物箱、桌子等具体作品。

作者的写法刻意保持轻快与短句：插图由 Sophia Nicolay 手绘，用线条图代替照片来讲解动作与结构关系，全书由 Janet Vicario 设计装帧。每个项目都尽可能给出常见的错误与替代方案，例如「破洞太大就不能补片而要换整块板」、「链条松了要移动后轮而不是截链」，让第一次动手的人不至于卡在半路。

需要说明的是，本书是 2016 年《The Useful Book》的改编新版，作者为 Sharon 与 David Bowers，由 Workman Publishing 于 2021 年 3 月首印。

目录 · Contents

家居维修 · DOMESTIC REPAIR

• p.4 · 挂一幅画 · How to Hang a Picture
  判断墙骨位置、选定挂件与五金，让画框挂得平、挂得牢。
  Finding the studs, choosing the right hanger, and getting a frame level and secure.
• p.7 · 装一块搁板 · How to Hang a Shelf
  用托架或暗藏支撑把搁板固定在墙骨上，讲承重与找平。
  Fixing a shelf to studs with brackets or hidden supports, with attention to load and level.
• p.9 · 安装衣柜挂杆 · How to Install a Closet Rod
  量取与定位挂杆法兰座，装出不会下垂的挂衣杆。
  Measuring and positioning rod flanges so the rod carries weight without sagging.
• p.11 · 修补干壁墙洞 · How to Patch a Hole in Drywall
  按洞的大小选择补片、网格带或整块换板三种做法。
  Three repair methods by hole size: patch, mesh tape, or replacing a section of board.
• p.15 · 调石膏 · How to Mix Plaster
  按比例兑水、搅拌到合适稠度，掌握可用时间。
  Mixing plaster to the right consistency and working within its open time.
• p.16 · 抹石膏墙 · How to Plaster a Wall
  底灰、找平与收光的先后顺序和手法。
  The sequence of scratch, brown and finish coats on a plaster wall.
• p.18 · 修补开裂的石膏 · How to Repair Cracked Plaster
  开缝、湿润、填灰、贴带，避免裂缝很快重现。
  Opening, dampening, filling and taping cracks so the repair doesn’t reappear.
• p.18 · 涂刷前处理基层 · How to Prepare a Surface for Painting
  除尘、除油、补缝、打磨与打底，决定漆面的耐久。
  Cleaning, deglossing, filling, sanding and priming—the steps that decide how a paint job lasts.
• p.19 · 刷一个房间 · How to Paint a Room
  遮蔽、裁边、滚涂、接续湿边的完整流程与工具。
  Masking, cutting in, rolling and keeping a wet edge—the full order of work.
• p.22 · 做仿饰面涂装 · How to Paint a Faux Finish
  以海绵、布卷等手法在墙面做出仿石、仿旧的肌理效果。
  Sponging, ragging and related techniques for imitating stone and aged finishes.
• p.26 · 家具上光 · How to Polish Furniture
  清洁、上蜡与抛光，以及不同漆面该用什么保养品。
  Cleaning, waxing and buffing furniture, and what to use on each finish type.
• p.28 · 剥离旧漆 · How to Strip Paint
  化学剥离剂、热风枪与刮刀的选择与安全操作。
  Choosing between chemical stripper, heat gun and scraper, and using them safely.
• p.29 · 木质表面涂装前处理 · How to Prepare a Wood Surface for Painting
  填孔、封闭树脂渗出、打磨与打底，保证漆膜不脱落。
  Filling pores, sealing resin bleed, sanding and priming so paint adheres.
• p.30 · 翻新旧家具 · How to Refinish Furniture
  拆解、脱漆、修补、染色与罩面漆的完整翻新流程。
  Disassembly, stripping, repair, staining and topcoating an old piece.
• p.32 · 给浴缸打胶 · How to Caulk a Bathtub
  清除旧胶、选防霉胶、打出均匀胶线并抹平。
  Removing old caulk, choosing a mildew-resistant sealant, and laying a smooth bead.
• p.34 · 更换开裂瓷砖 · How to Replace a Cracked Tile
  凿除破损砖、清理基层、重新铺贴与填缝。
  Removing the broken tile, cleaning the substrate, and setting and grouting a replacement.
• p.36 · 修补油毡地面 · How to Patch Linoleum
  用同色料片做嵌补，处理接缝并压平。
  Inlaying a matching patch of flooring and treating the seam.
• p.37 · 更换局部地毯 · How to Replace a Damaged Section of Carpet
  裁切损坏区、加装压条并烫接新块。
  Cutting out the damaged area and fitting a new piece with seaming tape.
• p.38 · 翻新木地板 · How to Refinish a Wood Floor
  打磨、除尘、上色与罩面，以及旧地板的取舍判断。
  Sanding, dusting, staining and finishing, and judging when a floor is worth saving.
• p.39 · 翻新木露台 · How to Refinish a Deck
  清洗、除霉、换掉朽板，再上户外木器漆或木蜡油。
  Cleaning, treating mildew, replacing rotted boards, and applying a deck finish.
• p.40 · 捕鼠 · How to Catch Mice
  封堵入口、选择并正确放置捕鼠器与诱饵。
  Sealing entry points and setting traps and bait where they actually work.
• p.42 · 修换窗纱 · How to Repair or Replace a Screen
  小洞用补片，大面积破损则整张换纱。
  Patching small tears, or re-screening the whole frame when the damage is extensive.
• p.44 · 门窗密封保温 · How to Weather-Strip Windows and Doors
  V 形条、泡棉条与门底密封条的选型与安装。
  Choosing and fitting V-strip, foam tape and door sweeps to stop drafts.
• p.48 · 给窗户打胶 · How to Caulk a Window
  外侧接缝的打胶顺序与耐久做法。
  Sealing exterior window joints so the bead stays tight and paintable.
• p.49 · 更换窗玻璃 · How to Replace a Windowpane
  量取玻璃尺寸、除旧油灰、装玻璃与打腻子。
  Measuring the pane, removing old glazing, and setting and pointing new glass.
• p.51 · 疏通天沟 · How to Unblock a Gutter
  清理落叶与淤积、检查坡度和落水口。
  Clearing leaves and debris, and checking gutter slope and downspout flow.
• p.53 · 修补开裂天沟 · How to Repair a Cracked Gutter
  用补漏膏、补片或密封胶处理渗漏点。
  Sealing leaks with gutter sealant, patches or a new section.
• p.54 · 预防冰坝 · How to Prevent Ice Dams
  从保温与通风入手，减少屋檐处结冰的机会。
  Attacking the cause—insulation and attic ventilation—to keep ice from damming at the eaves.
• p.55 · 清除屋顶冰坝 · How to Remove an Ice Dam from the Roof
  安全地铲除积雪、开泄水通道的工具与注意事项。
  Tools and precautions for safely removing snow and opening drainage channels.
• p.59 · 修补混凝土车道裂缝 · How to Repair a Crack in a Concrete Driveway
  开缝、清尘，填缝胶或水泥基修补料的选择。
  Opening and cleaning cracks, then sealing with caulk or a cement-based compound.
• p.61 · 修补沥青路面裂缝 · How to Patch Cracked Asphalt
  清理裂缝、灌入沥青冷补料并压实。
  Cleaning the crack and packing and tamping cold asphalt patch.

木工与金工 · WOODWORKING & METALWORKING

• p.69 · 量硬木板材 · How to Measure Hardwood Boards
  板英尺的算法，以及厚度、宽度与长度该怎么量。
  Working out board feet, and measuring thickness, width and length correctly.
• p.70 · 打磨木材 · How to Sand Wood
  砂纸目数递进、顺纹打磨与防过磨的要点。
  Grit sequences, sanding with the grain, and avoiding over-sanding.
• p.72 · 做鸟屋 · How to Build a Birdhouse
  下料、开洞、组装与悬挂方式，兼顾鸟类使用需求。
  Cutting, drilling, assembling and mounting a birdhouse that birds will actually use.
• p.75 · 做相框 · How to Build a Picture Frame
  45° 斜接、开槽装玻璃与背板、加固角部。
  Mitering the frame, rabbeting for glass and backer, and reinforcing the corners.
• p.78 · 做狗屋 · How to Build a Doghouse
  选料与防潮、屋顶坡度、门洞尺寸与地面做法。
  Material and moisture choices, roof pitch, door sizing, and the floor.
• p.82 · 做夏克式矮凳 · How to Build a Shaker Stool
  夏克风格的简洁凳形：圆腿、编织座面与结构比例。
  The Shaker stool—turned legs, a woven seat, and the proportions that make it work.
• p.85 · 做棋盘 · How to Build a Chessboard
  拼板、交替色块下料、刨平与做边框。
  Gluing up alternating squares, flattening the panel and adding a border.
• p.87 · 做砧板（屠宰板） · How to Make a Butcher Block
  端面朝上的拼木砧板：胶合、刨平与食品级上油。
  An end-grain butcher block: gluing, flattening and finishing with food-safe oil.
• p.89 · 木材着色 · How to Stain Wood
  选色、试色、涂布与擦除，避免色斑与接痕。
  Choosing and testing stain, applying and wiping back, and avoiding blotching.
• p.90 · 做书架 · How to Build a Bookcase
  柜体结构、固定层板做法与靠墙防倾倒。
  Carcass construction, fixing the shelves, and anchoring the case to the wall.
• p.93 · 做储物箱 · How to Build a Storage Chest
  箱体、箱盖与五金，重点是承重与盖板不变形。
  Box, lid and hardware, with attention to load-bearing and a lid that stays flat.
• p.95 · 做一张桌子 · How to Build a Table
  桌架接合、桌面拼板与桌腿收分。
  Table frame joinery, gluing up the top, and tapering the legs.
• p.100 · 打银勺戒指 · How to Make a Spoon Ring
  把银勺柄弯成戒指：退火、整形与抛光。
  Bending a silver spoon handle into a ring—annealing, forming and polishing.
• p.102 · 做耳环 · How to Make Earrings
  剪形、打孔、退火与装耳钩的入门金工流程。
  An introductory metalworking project: cutting, drilling, annealing and fitting ear wires.
• p.104 · 做装饰金属盘 · How to Make a Decorative Metal Plate
  以錾刻与锤击在铜铝薄板上做出装饰纹样。
  Chasing and hammering a decorative pattern into copper or aluminium sheet.
• p.106 · 做风铃 · How to Make Wind Chimes
  管长定音、悬挂结构与防锈处理。
  Tuning the tube lengths, building the suspension, and protecting against rust.

水暖 · PLUMBING

• p.112 · 止住滴水 · How to Stop a Drip
  判断漏点在阀芯、填料还是接口，并对症更换。
  Diagnosing whether a drip comes from the seat, packing or a fitting, and fixing the right one.
• p.114 · 疏通下水道 · How to Unclog a Drain
  皮碗、疏通簧与化学剂的正确用法与先后次序。
  When to use a plunger, a snake or chemicals—and in what order.
• p.117 · 修爆裂水管 · How to Fix a Burst Pipe
  断水、排水、截断与接补的应急与永久处理。
  Shutting off, draining, cutting out and repairing—both the emergency fix and the permanent one.
• p.119 · 补水管 · How to Patch a Pipe
  用修补夹、环氧胶或补片处理小穿孔。
  Repair clamps, epoxy putty and patches for small punctures.
• p.120 · 防止水管冻裂 · How to Stop Your Pipes from Freezing
  保温、伴热带与滴水法，把冻管风险降下来。
  Insulation, heat tape and letting taps drip to keep pipes from freezing.
• p.122 · 安装污水泵 · How to Install a Sump Pump
  集水坑开挖、泵位、止回阀与排水管布置。
  Digging the pit, setting the pump, and plumbing the check valve and discharge line.
• p.124 · 修漏水的洗衣机 · How to Fix a Leaky Washing Machine
  按进水管、排水管、水泵与密封圈逐项排查。
  Working through inlet hoses, drain lines, the pump and seals to find the leak.
• p.127 · 更换水槽龙头 · How to Replace a Sink Faucet
  拆卸旧龙头、清理台面、装新龙头与接软管。
  Removing the old faucet, cleaning the deck, and connecting the new supplies.
• p.129 · 更换下水口 · How to Replace a Drain Basket
  拆旧下水口、除旧密封胶、装新篮并做水密。
  Removing the old basket, cleaning off the old sealant, and setting a new one watertight.
• p.131 · 更换马桶 · How to Replace a Toilet
  拆旧马桶、处理法兰与蜡圈、定位与密封。
  Pulling the old toilet, dealing with the flange and wax ring, and setting the new one.
• p.136 · 排查淋浴花洒 · How to Troubleshoot a Showerhead
  出水不均、堵塞与水压低的常见原因与处理。
  Diagnosing uneven flow, clogging and low pressure at a showerhead.

电工 · ELECTRICAL

• p.140 · 减少电费 · How to Slash Your Electricity Bill
  找出耗电大户、换 LED、调温控与用电时段管理。
  Finding the energy hogs, switching to LEDs, and managing thermostats and usage hours.
• p.143 · 做一个直流电路 · How to Make a DC Circuit
  用电池、导线、开关与负载搭出最简单的回路。
  Building the simplest possible loop with a battery, wire, switch and load.
• p.145 · 安装调光开关 · How to Install a Dimmer
  断电验电、识别线色、接线与复原面板。
  Killing and verifying power, identifying conductors, wiring and refitting the plate.
• p.147 · 安装灯具 · How to Install a Light Fixture
  灯座固定、接线与接地、灯泡与功率匹配。
  Mounting the fixture, making the connections, grounding, and matching lamp wattage.
• p.151 · 重接台灯 · How to Rewire a Lamp
  换灯线、灯座与插头，让旧台灯重新安全可用。
  Replacing cord, socket and plug so an old lamp is safe to use again.

机械与车辆 · MECHANICAL

• p.163 · 洗车 · How to Wash a Car
  冲洗、泡沫、擦洗、冲净与擦干的标准顺序。
  The standard order: rinse, suds, wash, rinse, dry.
• p.165 · 清洁车内 · How to Detail the Interior of a Car
  吸尘、清洁织物与塑料件、擦玻璃的分区做法。
  Vacuuming and cleaning fabrics, plastics and glass, zone by zone.
• p.166 · 敲平凹陷 · How to Bang Out a Dent
  判断漆面能否保留，用垫铁与锤子整形。
  Judging whether the paint can be saved, then working the metal with dolly and hammer.
• p.168 · 用腻子填补划痕 · How to Fill a Ding or Scratch with Putty
  除锈、上腻子、打磨平整的分层做法。
  Rust removal, filler application, and block-sanding the repair flat.
• p.169 · 给修补处重新喷漆 · How to Repaint Your Repair
  底漆、色漆与清漆的分层喷涂与过渡。
  Primer, colour coat and clear coat, blended into the surrounding panel.
• p.170 · 更换雨刷片 · How to Change a Windshield Wiper Blade
  按接口型式拆装雨刷片，并处理雨刷臂回弹风险。
  Removing and fitting blades by connector type, and guarding against the arm snapping back.
• p.171 · 修补风挡玻璃裂点 · How to Fix a Chipped Windshield
  用补裂套装抽真空注胶、固化与刮平。
  Using a chip-repair kit to vacuum, inject resin, cure and scrape flush.
• p.172 · 换备胎 · How to Change a Flat Tire
  顶车点、螺栓松紧顺序、举升与紧固的安全规程。
  Jack points, loosening and tightening sequences, and safe lifting.
• p.175 · 轮胎换位 · How to Rotate Tires
  按车型选择换位图样，以及举升与扭矩要求。
  Choosing the rotation pattern for the drivetrain, plus lifting and torque specs.
• p.176 · 检查与补充油液 · How to Check and Top Off Fluids
  机油、冷却液、刹车油、玻璃水与转向助力油的检查点。
  Checking and topping up oil, coolant, brake fluid, washer fluid and power steering.
• p.177 · 换机油 · How to Change the Oil
  举升、放油、换滤清器、加注与废油处理。
  Lifting, draining, changing the filter, refilling, and disposing of used oil.
• p.179 · 查找漏油点 · How to Locate an Oil Leak
  用清洁加观察、荧光剂与垫纸定位的方法。
  Cleaning and observing, dye testing and cardboard placement to find the source.
• p.181 · 搭电启动 · How to Jump a Battery
  跨接线的正确接法与拆线顺序，避免电火花。
  The right connection and disconnection order to avoid sparks.
• p.183 · 磨草坪机刀片 · How to Sharpen a Lawn Mower Blade
  拆刀片、平衡校验、按原角度磨刃与复位。
  Removing the blade, checking balance, sharpening the original bevel, and refitting.
• p.185 · 保养摩托车 · How to Maintain a Motorcycle
  链条、胎压、油液与刹车的基本检查清单。
  A basic checklist covering chain, tyre pressures, fluids and brakes.
• p.187 · 补自行车内胎 · How to Fix a Flat Tire on a Bicycle
  拆胎、找破口、贴补片或换内胎与重新装胎。
  Removing the tyre, finding the puncture, patching or replacing the tube and refitting.
• p.190 · 调整自行车刹车 · How to Adjust Bicycle Brakes
  刹车间隙、刹车皮角度与线缆张力的调整。
  Setting pad clearance, toe-in and cable tension.
• p.192 · 保养自行车链条 · How to Maintain a Bicycle Chain
  清洁、上油、擦除多余油污与检查磨损。
  Cleaning, lubricating, wiping off excess and checking for wear.
• p.194 · 收紧单速车链条 · How to Tighten a Single-Speed Chain
  调整后轮位置取得正确的链条松弛量。
  Moving the rear wheel to set correct chain slack.
• p.194 · 调整自行车变速 · How to Align Bicycle Gears
  限位螺钉与变速线张力配合，让每一档都对位。
  Balancing limit screws and cable tension so every gear indexes.

附录 · APPENDIX

• p.197 · 索引 · Index
  按门类与项目名编排的全书索引。
  Index to all projects and techniques.

• p.203 · 换算表 · Conversion Tables
  长度、重量、体积与温度的常用换算表。
  Common conversion tables for length, weight, volume and temperature.